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They're good for accessory work and strength conditioning.
Example: Do some heavy squats then do 10-15 kettlebell swings every minute for 20-25 minutes. Or after heavy bench and rows do some kettlebell push jerks every minute for 20-30 minutes.
On their own or combined with calisthenics you'll be limited by how heavy the bells are and how creative you can get with movements. There isn't definitive linear progression due to buying a new heavier pair of bells every few weeks being very expensive so you'll have to increase volume and intensity in order to make more gains.
Now, if you have access to a gym with a range of kettlebell weight then you can approach it the same as barbell work, starting with a light bell and getting certain movements down (ie sets of 10 push presses with two bells or 25 one bell swings) then moving to the heavier weights.
Unless you're competing in something that requires you to do specific movements, give it a shot and see if you enjoy using them. If so, it's another tool in your pursuit of /fit/.