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Marriages with other dynasties interested in isolating and enclosing the kingdom of France as well as a bit of luck when it came to choosing the right people whom their offspring would get married. Karl V, for instance, reached the throne of Castile and Aragón after several vicissitudes and, if not for the strange deaths/diseases of some of his relatives and the alteration of the original testament of his grandmother, he would have never been become the king of Spain.
