>>7286287This is something I've read on the startrek wiki.
There are different dorms and labs and stuff you don't see on the show where only one type of job is done. But academy grads are usually assigned a job or specialize in something. There are "majors" within the academy itself, so like Geordi la forge went to starfleet academy but he went as an engineering student.
Geordi will obviously go into all the engineer bays and shit you dont see on the show, but he also goes to the meeting about running the ship. Likewise Picard went to the academy (for anthro or some shit dont remember) at the same time as Crusher who was there for bio/med.
Still socially all different disciplines seem to mix in their own time. look at any bar scene and see all the different colored uniforms, they are all from different corps, but then on the bridge its 90% red with only a security officer and some medical/psychologist empathy etc. and in the engine room its 90% yellow again etc.