>>13387939We know that there are wandering tribes of humans that don't associate with the Alliance directly, some of which seem to have left Earth as separate organizations from Avalon in the first place, others ran away from Avalon at some point in the past.
No one ever talks about aliens, bust a major plot point of Gargantia is that we never found any other planets capable of supporting life, so it may just be that life-bearing planets are absurdly rare to the point that there simply are not any aliens worth mentioning.
Most of the beams on Chamber are powerful Ion cannons. The rifle he carries is some kind of plasma cannon, which is stronger, but does eventually run out of stored plasma.
Chamber himself is powered by an Antimatter Breeder. Not only does he use antimatter for power, but it can convert matter into antimatter in the first place to create more fuel. Ideally, said matter is provided to it between missions by the Alliance, but it does find trace amounts of free hydrogen in space and can suck some up from gas giants or (in the series) Earth's air. Converting the matter into antimatter on its own, however, takes like 80% of the power that you get back out of it, so you need to have a minimum amount of power to start the reaction in the first place, it is slow to replenish, and if the Breeder ever falls below the minimum conversion power due to energy expenditure it is fucked because it no longer has enough power left to make more power.