>>54696539Nothing more than what can be dug up, or was magically preserved by following civilizations. You have civilizations like Carthage that were so utterly blasted off the face of the Earth by Rome that we have trouble knowing there their capital was, and then you have civilizations like Mesopotamia that we know a decent about. I'm not really familiar with Sumeria, in all honesty, so I do not think I could answer that question.
>>54696643Renaissance to WW2. Just so full of randomness and interesting things, like Napoleon beating back the might of every other country on continental Europe, or the three Reichs, the HRE, Germany 1876-1917, and then Germany with Hitler.
>>54696667Because Rome was a very, very strong fortress, and the was not very easily assaulted. He'd need to lay siege, as you say, which would have bogged down his activities, and taken months if not years to succeed, likely resulting in a defeat for Carthage regardless, since you have to remember the armies in Sicily preparing for invasion of Carthage (That were pulled back to deal with Hannibal) and the armies in Hispania that were taking the region.
>>546968331 - I'm not really sure how to answer that one, it'd have to be a case by case thing, you can't really generalize it. But if I had to take a wild guess, it'd just be war. But, there were usually only one empire at a time in the world, at least until the world was always widely known. By the time the multiple empires started sprouting up, Russia, the Ottomans, Ming, they already all knew about each other, and wouldn't meet for the first time. If you're just talking about countries and a people, it'd depend on who was stronger, and their culture I guess.
2 - China had and has a very, very large population. I would not doubt their casualties to be ungodly high.
3 - Cont.