Are there any attempts to measure intelligence in concrete forms, rather than as a rank (IQ).

I'm guessing there are some findings in AI research which could help us define different levels of intellectual ability which are qualitatively different, and ways of analyzing the amount of logical steps involved in solving a problem.
you guys know anything about this?

The only things I've read in this regard were: Baby developmental milestones, a theory of moral development with different concrete levels and percentiles of people who reach each level, and some finding that for most of the bell curve 1 standard deviation increase in IQ correlates to about double the thinking speed when dealing with a problem someone at the lower IQ finds difficult but can solve.