Airfare:
farecompare.comonetravel.comKayak.comMomondo.comDohop.com/awayhttp://www.skyscanner.com/http://www.hipmunk.com/On flying:
1. Standby. If you saw something on TV or in a movie about showing up at the airport and trying to bargain your way onto the plane, you're hearing about something that was sometimes true under limited circumstances about 30+ years ago. There is such a thing as "flying standby" but it doesn't mean what you think it means. In the modern era it normally describes standing by when you hold an existing ticket for another journey on the same route (not all tickets/airlines/routes/circumstances allow this), or employee pass travel. If you don't know if your ticket allows standby, read the fare rules.
2. Yes, your ticket has a list of fare rules. Read it and don't assume /trv/ is clairvoyant and knows what you bought. That applies to change fees, stopovers, etc.
3. If you don't know what an airline will allow for some special request such as bringing some equipment on board, oversized luggage, etc, CALL THEM. Their job is to tell you that stuff. Same goes for getting official entry requirements for other countries, minimum connection times at various airports, advance check-in time requirements for specific airports (especially early flights), stopover/layover restrictions on a ticket, baggage check and customs clearance procedures, upgrade options, the list goes on.
4.
Seatguru.com for equipment details and seat recommendations on a per-aircraft-type basis
5. If you don't yet have a ticket, please don't ask /trv/ what the fare is, or how to get the cheapest fare. Look at the links in this thread.